Trail Guide to the Body (4th Edition)

Introduction: Tour Guide Tips 1
How To Use This Book 2
Key 3
Palpation Hints 4
Creating Your Palpatory Journal 9
Exploring the Textural Differences of Structures 10
Learning Objectives 18

Chapter 1: Navigating the Body 19
Regions of the Body 20
Planes of Movement 21
Directions and Positions 21
Movements of the Body 23
Systems of the Body 32
The Skeletal System 32
Types of Joints 34
The Muscular System 35
The Fascial System 38
The Cardiovascular System 40
The Nervous System 42
The Lymphatic System 43

Chapter 2: Shoulder & Arm 45
Topographical Views 46
Exploring the Skin and Fascia 47
Bones of the Shoulder and Arm 48
The Scapula 49
The Humerus and Clavicle 50
Bony Landmark Trails 51
Muscles of the Shoulder and Arm 61
Synergists—Muscles Working Together 63
Deltoid 67
Trapezius 68
Latissimus Dorsi and Teres Major 71
Rotator Cuff Muscles 74
Rotator Cuff Tendons 79
Rhomboid Major and Minor 82
Levator Scapula 83
Serratus Anterior 86
Sternalis 88
Pectoralis Major 89
Pectoralis Minor 92
Subclavius 94
Biceps Brachii 95
Triceps Brachii 97
Coracobrachialis 99
Other Structures of the Shoulder and Arm 100

Chapter 3: Forearm & Hand 107
Topographical Views 108
Exploring the Skin and Fascia 109
Bones of the Forearm and Hand 110
Bony Landmarks 111
The Ulna and Radius 112
Bony Landmark Trails 113
Muscles of the Forearm and Hand 127
Synergists—Muscles Working Together 130
Brachialis 132
Brachioradialis 133
Distinguishing Between the Flexor and Extensor Groups of the Forearm 134
Extensors of the Wrist and Fingers 135
Anconeus 139
Extensor Indicis 139
Flexors of the Wrist and Fingers 140
Pronator Teres 146
Pronator Quadratus 147
Supinator 147
Muscles of the Thumb and Hand 149
Muscles of the Thumb 151
Muscles of the Hand 157
Other Structures of the Forearm and Hand 160

Chapter 4: Spine & Thorax 167
Topographical Views 168
Exploring the Skin and Fascia 169
Bones of the Spine and Thorax 170
Bony Landmarks 171
Bony Landmark Trails 174
Muscles of the Spine and Thorax 188
Synergists—Muscles Working Together 194
Erector Spinae Group 196
Transversospinalis Group 200
Splenius Capitis and Cervicis 203
Suboccipitals 205
Quadratus Lumborum 207
Abdominals 209
Diaphragm 213
Intercostals 215
Serratus Posterior Superior and Inferior 216
Intertransversarii 217
Interspinalis 217
Other Structures of the Spine and Thorax 218

Chapter 5: Head, Neck & Face 225
Topographical View 226
Exploring the Skin and Fascia 227
Bones and Bony Landmarks of the Head, Neck and Face 228
Bony Landmark Trails 230
Muscles of the Head, Neck and Face 240
Synergists—Muscles Working Together 242
Sternocleidomastoid 244
Scalenes 246
Masseter 250
Temporalis 251
Suprahyoids and Digastric 253
Infrahyoids 255
Platysma 257
Occipitofrontalis 258
Medial and Lateral Pterygoids 259
Longus Capitis and Longus Colli 260
Muscles of Facial Expression 261
Other Structures of the Head, Neck and Face 270

Chapter 6: Pelvis & Thigh 275
Topographical Views 276
Exploring the Skin and Fascia 277
Bones of the Pelvis and Thigh 278
Bony Landmarks of the Pelvis and Thigh 279
Bony Landmarks of the Hip 281
The Sacrum and Coccyx 282
The Femur 283
Bony Landmark Trails 284
Muscles of the Pelvis and Thigh 296
Perineum and Pelvic Floor 300
Synergists—Muscles Working Together 302
Quadriceps Femoris Group 306
Hamstrings 311
Gluteals 315
Adductor Group 319
Tensor Fasciae Latae and Iliotibial Tract 324
Sartorius 326
Tendons of the Posterior Knee 327
Lateral Rotators of the Hip 328
Iliopsoas 332
Other Structures of the Pelvis and Thigh 336

Chapter 7: Leg & Foot 343
Topographical Views 344
Exploring the Skin and Fascia 345
Bones of the Knee, Leg and Foot 346
The Tibia, Fibula and Patella 347
Bony Landmarks of the Knee and Leg 348
Bony Landmark Trails of the Knee 349
Bones and Bony Landmarks of the Ankle and Foot 354
Bony Landmark Trails of the Ankle and Foot 356
Muscles of the Leg and Foot 366
Synergists—Muscles Working Together 369
Gastrocnemius 371
Soleus 371
Plantaris 374
Popliteus 375
Peroneus Longus and Brevis 376
Extensors of the Ankle and Toes 378
Flexors of the Ankle and Toes 381
Muscles of the Foot 384
Other Muscles of the Foot 390
Other Structures of the Knee and Leg 392
Other Structures of the Ankle and Foot 398
Muscles of Facial Expression Attachment Sites 407
Synergists—Muscles Working Together 408

Glossary of Terms 412
Pronunciation and Etymology 414
Bibliography 418
Index 420